Citations

CITATIONS

Citations have certain virtues and in particular constitute the first step in legal exercises, such as dissertations and commentary. Under examination conditions, they reveal legal culture and appropriateness. Be careful, “you never have twice the opportunity to make a good first impression” (Laurent Gesse). The texts appearing on this page aim to (re)discover classic quotes used at university (notions and concepts whose understanding and then mastery are expected), quotes from teachers (unwritten rules whose application is expected throughout the course), leitmotifs (slogans whose awareness can facilitate academic progress), other quotes and finally some of the most used legal fictions.

Classic quotes that can be used in a university assignment if applicable

“Before thinking of reforming the world, of making revolutions, of meditating new Constitutions, of establishing a new order, go down into your heart, make order, harmony, peace reign there. Only then, look around for souls who are like you and take action. » (Plato)


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“Dura lex sed lex”: “The law is harsh, but it is the law. » (Ulpian)


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“Law is the art of the good and the equitable. » (Celsus)


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“Justice is the most solid foundation of the duration of States. " (Louis XIV)


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“Democracy is government of the people, by the people, for the people. » (Abraham Lincoln)


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“I was told that a revelation was necessary to teach men the way in which God wanted to be served; we adduce as proof the diversity of the bizarre cults that they instituted, and we do not see that this very diversity comes from the fantasy of the revelations. As soon as people decided to make God speak, each made him speak in his own way and made him say what he wanted. If we had only listened to what God says to the heart of man, there would never have been more than one religion on earth. » (Rousseau J.-J.)


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“The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body, no individual can exercise authority that does not emanate expressly from it. » (art. 3 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of August 26, 1789)


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“It is not the fear of punishment that should make a man good, but the love of justice. » (Gombaud A. “Knight of Méré”)


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“To be obeyed without repugnance, one must command by example. » (Gombaud A. “Knight of Méré”)


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“If the state is strong, it crushes us. If it is weak, we perish. » (Valéry P.)


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“A law is not there to say right or wrong, but only what is permitted and what is forbidden. » (Comte-Sponville A.)


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“So that power cannot be abused, it is necessary that, through the arrangement of things, power stops power. » (from Secondat C. dit Montesquieu)


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“Freedom is respect for the rights of everyone; order is respect for the rights of all. » (Marbeau E.)


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“To each their own family, to each their own rights. » (Carbonnier J.)


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“Give me six lines written in the handwriting of the most honest man, I will find enough to make him hang. » (attributed to du Plessis AJ Cardinal de Richelieu)


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“A Constitution is a spirit, institutions and a practice. » (de Gaulle C.)


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“Supreme, individual, inalienable, unique and perpetual power. » (Bodin J., about sovereignty)


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“A Constitution can do nothing other than provide opportunities to politicians of good faith who, for the sake of the nation and freedom, want a State, that is to say, above all, a government. » (Debré M.)


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“Hazard chases away error. » (Civ. 1ère March 24, 1987)


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“No one can take advantage of their own turpitude. » (Civ. 1ère July 17, 1996)


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“Things have no intrinsic value. » (Civ. 1ère December 14, 2004)


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“Law is the most powerful school of the imagination. Never has a poet interpreted nature as freely as a lawyer interprets reality. » (Giraudoux J.)


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“The Nation has no grudges but it has memory. » (Constant B.)


Quotes from teachers that can help understand how law, teaching and university selection work

“Dear students, this year we welcomed more of you than before. The advantage is that it gives everyone a chance. The disadvantage is that, as the qualitative criteria cannot be revised downwards, the selection will be tougher for everyone." (Gavalda C., on the occasion of the mid-semester load shedding test known as " the coconut tree")


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“I consider that below average, you are making fun of yourself. And, by extension, me. » (Gavalda C.)


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“You can write whatever you want, it will not change the law. On the other hand, it will change everything about your grade. » (Lagarde P., in response to a question asked about freedom of writing in exam papers when consulting the papers)


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“The appreciation is progressive. Scoring is proportional. » (Lagarde P., about university evaluation)


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“The man of good judgment is not the man of science. He is aware that, when it comes to human affairs, the true usually gives way to the probable and is not confused with the demonstrable. He does not bow before transcendent knowledge when he must judge, therefore understand. And the reason that inspires the judge is more reasonable than rational. » (Terré F., Civil law Obligations)


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“The law is mediation between the just and the wise because it is an articulation of the individual and the social. » (Terré F., Legal and social, 2012, Mare and Martin)


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“Poorly carried out codification can cause a disfigurement of the codes, confusion of minds, prevent the formation of timely case law and maintain questionable case law. » (Terré F., on the reform of contract law, the general regime and proof of obligations)


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“The Morvan bundle of clues. » (Morvan P., regarding the examination of training offers from higher education establishments)


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“The waterline. » (Morvan P., about the evaluation of student profiles for post-Bachelor selection)


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“To produce only necessary texts, well designed, legally solid and clearly written, such must be the ambition of administrators and legal experts. » (Guillaume M. and Sauvé J.-M., Guide to legistics, French documentation)


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“The methodology and learning of law can be broken down as follows: decompose to understand, qualify to demonstrate, recompose to master. The obstacles would be: partial reasoning, residual memorization, insufficient impregnation. » (Tourres G., Legal Methodology course)


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“If “The ignorant affirms, the learned doubts, the wise reflect (Aristotle)”, nothing is set in stone: the ignorant can, through curiosity and work, educate themselves; he can then, through listening and patience, calm down. » (Tourres G., Introduction to the study of law course)


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“It is always prudent to filter the information received. If it's not accurate, good, or useful... why want to release it? » (Tourres G., synthesis of the three sieves of Socrates)


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“No, but what do you think? That we are not judged by our appearance? That the way we present ourselves to the world doesn't matter? Eloquence, rhetoric, that's precisely what I want to teach you! » (Auteuil D., Le Brio)


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“We must not only see law as distinct subjects (public law, private law, history of law, political science), but much more as a single discipline, or even as a single field, of which all the “branches” go find ways to apply themselves to questions, to problem solving. So the idea, sometimes tempting, of excluding or limiting one's learning to what can be considered "useful" for a course or a tutorial session is a really bad idea. Its execution even exposes the risk of having a truncated vision and an insufficiently in-depth analysis, thus not allowing one to discover the continuity of the question addressed and its echoes in the other branches, transcending the simple public-private division. » (Drumetz A.)


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“No right or freedom being absolute or immanent, authorizations and prohibitions are regularly accompanied by conditions. It is therefore necessary and sufficient to satisfy the requirements of the rule of law for the act to be lawful and admissible. And this, whether the parties choose an amicable settlement, an alternative method of dispute resolution, or judicial referral. » (Tourres G.)

Leitmotivs

“Discord is the greatest evil of humankind, and tolerance is the only remedy. » (Voltaire)


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“You must know that nothing is certain, that nothing is easy, that nothing is given, that nothing is free. You must know that everything is conquered, that everything is earned. And if nothing is sacrificed, nothing is achieved. » (Denoix de Saint Marc H.)


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“Every man who directs, who does something, has against him those who would like to do the same thing, those who do precisely the opposite and above all the great army of people who are all the more severe because they do nothing at all. » (Claretie J.)


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“Don't let your flame go out, spark after precious spark, in the putrid waters of almost, not yet or not at all. Do not let this hero who inhabits your soul perish in the frustrated regrets of a life that you would have deserved, but which you were never able to achieve. You can win this world that you desire so much, it exists, it is very real, it belongs to you. » (Rand A.)


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“Doubt is an unpleasant mental state, but certainty is ridiculous. » (Voltaire)


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“Amare et sapere vix deo conceditur”: “to love and be wise, even a god could hardly do it. » (Publilius Syrus, Sentences)


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“The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without combat. » (Sun Tzu)


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“The two strongest warriors are patience and time. Remember that great achievements take time and there is no overnight success. » (Tolstoy L.)


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“There remains this stereotypical assimilation which means that if a language skill is not correctly acquired, it is equated with general incompetence. » (Bauvet S., Security agents, those who knew, April 16, 2020, Christian Testimony)


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“Put away those complicated books, the accounting books will do the trick. Don't be proud, witty, or even comfortable, you risk appearing arrogant. Tone down your passions, they are scary. Above all, no “good idea”, the shredder is full of them. This piercing look that worries you, dilate it, and relax your lips – you have to think softly and show it, talk about your self by reducing it to a small thing: we must be able to fit you in. The times have changed. There has been no storming of the Bastille, nothing like the burning of the Reichstag, and Aurore has not yet fired a shot. However, the assault was indeed launched and crowned with success: the mediocre took power. » (Deneault A.)


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“Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing more to take away. » (from Saint-Exupéry A.)


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“When a question raises violently contradictory opinions, we can assure that it belongs to the domain of belief and not to that of knowledge. » (Voltaire)


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“To obey no one is a greater happiness than to command the whole world. » (from Sweden C.)


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“The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is neither the convinced Nazi nor the convinced communist, but the man for whom the distinction between fact and fiction and the distinction between true and false no longer exists. » (Arendt H.)


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“Impose your luck, squeeze your happiness and go towards your risk. Looking at you, they'll get used to it. » (Char R.)

Other quotes

“Stupidity is a far more dangerous enemy of good than malice. We can rebel against evil, it can be revealed and, if necessary, prevented by the use of force. Evil always carries within itself the germ of its own subversion in the sense that it leaves in the hearts of human beings at least a feeling of unease. Against stupidity, however, we are defenseless. Neither insurrections nor the use of force can do anything about it, nor even reason. Facts that contradict preconceptions do not get more credit - in such cases the stupid even becomes critical - and even when the facts are irrefutable, they are simply cast aside as lacking in consequence or impact. Thus, the stupid, in contrast to the malicious, is fully satisfied with himself and, while being easily irritable, can behave more dangerously, even if it means becoming aggressive. For these reasons, greater caution is necessary when dealing with the stupid rather than the malicious. Trying to reason with a stupid person who is convinced is counterproductive and dangerous. » (Bonhoeffer D., English trans.)


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“If you can see the work of your life destroyed And without saying a single word begin to rebuild, Or lose in one fell swoop the winnings of a hundred games Without a gesture and without a sigh; If you can be a lover without being mad with love, If you can be strong without ceasing to be tender, And, feeling hated, without hating in turn, Yet fight and defend yourself; If you can bear to hear your words Disguised by beggars to excite fools, And to hear their foolish mouths lie about you Without lying a word yourself; If you can remain worthy by being popular, If you can remain a people by advising kings, And if you can love all your friends as brothers, Without any of them being everything to you; If you know how to meditate, observe and know, Without ever becoming skeptical or destructive, Dream, but without letting your dream be your master, Think without being just a thinker; If you can be tough without ever being angry, If you can be brave and never reckless, If you know how to be good, if you know how to be wise, Without being moral or pedantic; If you can meet Triumph after Defeat And receive these two liars on the same front, If you can keep your courage and your head When all the others lose them, Then the Kings, the Gods, Luck and Victory Will be forever your submissive slaves, And, what is better than Kings and Glory You will be a man, my son. » (Kipling R.)


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“Nescit vox missa reverti. »: “What is said can no longer be taken back” (Horace)


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“It’s because the speed of light is greater than the speed of sound that some people appear brilliant before they look stupid. » (François N.)

Legal fiction

"No one is considered to be ignorant of the law"


"Necessity has no law": "Nécessité fait loi" (Publilius Syrus)


"The child conceived is regarded as born whenever its interests are discussed": "L'enfant conçu sera considered comme né chaque fois qu'il pourra en tirer avantage"


Legal personality


Cancellation


The representation


Autonomy of will


The legal entity


Functional duplication


The business


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